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| Registros recuperados: 33 | |
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| Gray, Richard S.. |
| This paper examines the larger economic forces that shape multilateral trade agreements and concludes that further WTO trade reform in the grain and oilseed sectors will be difficult to achieve. The somewhat successful Uruguay Round had budget and internal reform pressure to assist the process. The United States currently has large budget surpluses, and efficiency effects from policy reform following the Uruguay Round have reduced the possible gains from further domestic reform. Without these pressures, further negotiated reform in the grain and oilseed sectors is a remote possibility. On the other hand, there are good prospects for a multilateral environmental agreement on climate change. Ratification of a climate change agreement could have a large... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Food security; Grain; Kyoto Accord; Oilseed; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23856 |
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| Malla, Stavroula; Gray, Richard S.. |
| The study examines the incentives and incidence of private R&D investment in the today's biotech industry. A three-stage search/imperfect competition model is developed to derive the optimal pricing and investment decisions of private firms and to develop conjectures about how these decisions are affected by exogenous factors. The analysis shows that basic public research "crowds in" applied private research while applied public research "crowds out" applied private research. The current technology level and the cost of the experimentation negatively affect private investment, while the price of the final product positively affects the private investment. Moreover, the greater the product heterogeneity, the higher the price charged with the same... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20544 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Malla, Stavroula; Tran, Kien C.. |
| The study uses firm-specific data in the biotech canola industry to empirically examine research spillovers among public and private firms at the level of research output, research sales revenue, and research social revenue. The non-pecuniary spillovers that are examined include basic research, human capital/ knowledge (as measured through other-firm expenditures) and genetics (as measured through yields of other-firms). The results provide strong empirical evidence of several research spillovers in the biotech crop research industry such as: basic and applied public research creates a positive spillover for private firms at all levels; applied expenditure within-group reduces other-firm revenue while between-group expenditure increases revenue; genetic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22137 |
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| Buschena, David E.; Gray, Richard S.; Severson, Ethan. |
| Substantial changes have taken place recently in the regulation of agricultural trade in North America. The effect of these changes on trade in agricultural commodities is of particular interest to producers and policymakers in the Northern Plains and Rockies region. In this paper, we discuss specifically the malt barley production, malting, and brewing industries in light of these new trade agreements and their ramifications. We evaluate the incentives that free trade provides for mergers between barley malting firms, and then we assess the consequences of these mergers on the realized gains from trade for consumers, barley producers, and malting firms. The globalization of markets has fundamentally changed the world in which economic agents operate.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Malting barley; Industry concentration; Free trade agreement; Industrial Organization; Q1; F1. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29168 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Sumner, Daniel A.; Alston, Julian M.; Brunke, Henrich. |
| The California pistachio industry led an initiative to establish a federal marketing order, which mandates quality standards and an inspection program to assure food safety and consistency in the quality of California pistachios. We develop a stochastic dynamic simulation model of the pistachio market to investigate quantitatively the likely effects of such collective action enforced by government mandates. Simulation results indicate that, across the full range of parameters used in the analysis, the benefit-cost analysis was always favorable to the proposed policy. The measured benefits to producers, the nation, or the world always well exceeded the corresponding measure of costs, typically by many times. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20031 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Malla, Stavroula; Perlich, Ken. |
| In response to growing concerns about coronary heart disease (CHD), the Government of Canada has recently taken policy measures to reduce Canadian trans fatty acid (TFA) consumption. The mandatory labelling of trans fat content in foods began in December 2005. The House of Commons also established a task force in November 2004 to develop a set of regulations to ban the sale of food products with a TFA content greater than 2 percent. The issue at stake is whether the mandatory content restriction has economic merit. While the mandatory TFA reductions could reduce heart disease and improve the health of Canadians, they also have the potential to increase economic costs faced by all aspects of the Canadian food oil complex, from primary producers to... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46384 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Bolek, Katarzyna. |
| The Australian grain research system has undergone a profound transformation over the past 25 years. This began with the creation of Grains Research Development Corporation, which gave producers a voice within a national research system. In the second phase of development, the GRDC tendered for the development of three for profit public corporations (AGT, HRZ and InterGrain) that would invest revenues from endpoint royalties (EPRs) to fund wheat breeding. This new funding for breeding allowed the GRDC to move upstream to focus on pre-breeding research efforts. As of 2012, these breeding firms had each acquired a multinational private partner and had collectively reached the point where end point royalties were sufficient to cover breeding costs. While this... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Toll goods; R&D funding models; Research levies; Seed pricing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124176 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Harper, Deborah; Highmoore, T.. |
| This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14568 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Smith, Vincent H.. |
| The United States and Canada share the longest common border and largest bilateral trading relationship in the world. Recent trading agreements--CUSTA, NAFTA and WTO--have enhanced trade by encouraging elimination of many remaining trade barriers. However, one cause for concern about the effectiveness of these trade agreements has been the frequency of Canadian-U.S. trade disputes over bilateral wheat and barley trade arrangements and trade flows. To some extent, these disputes have arisen because of differences in and lack of harmonization between the domestic and trade policies implemented by the two countries, although other political factors have also clearly been important causes of these disagreements. Since 1986, many dimensions of the agricultural... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Harmonization and convergence; Grains; Oilseeds; International Relations/Trade; Q1. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29163 |
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| Registros recuperados: 33 | |
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